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What is Ectopic Pregnancy? Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors Explained

What is Ectopic Pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus. Most often, it grows in a fallopian tube. Because the tube cannot stretch like the uterus, this can cause serious health problems. Early signs of ectopic pregnancy may be hard to notice. However, knowing about this condition helps you seek care quickly. According to the CDC, ectopic pregnancies occur in about 1 out of every 50 pregnancies.

Common Symptoms

At first, symptoms may seem like a normal pregnancy. But, as the pregnancy grows, you may notice warning signs. Early detection is important for your health. Watch for these symptoms:

  • Sharp or stabbing pain in the lower belly or pelvis
  • Vaginal bleeding that is different from your normal period
  • Shoulder pain, especially when lying down
  • Feeling weak, dizzy, or fainting
  • Upset stomach or vomiting

    • If you have these symptoms, especially with severe pain or heavy bleeding, seek medical help right away.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Many things can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Sometimes, the cause is not clear. But, certain factors make it more likely. Knowing these can help you stay alert.

  • Previous ectopic pregnancy
  • History of pelvic infections (like pelvic inflammatory disease)
  • Having surgery on the fallopian tubes
  • Use of fertility treatments or medicines
  • Smoking cigarettes
  • Getting pregnant with an intrauterine device (IUD) in place
  • Being over age 35

    • However, even without these risk factors, ectopic pregnancy can still happen.

    Diagnosis Methods

    Doctors use several ways to diagnose ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis can prevent serious problems. Usually, the process includes:

  • Physical exam to check for pain or tenderness
  • Blood tests to measure pregnancy hormone (hCG) levels
  • Ultrasound to see where the pregnancy is located

    • Sometimes, more tests are needed if the diagnosis is not clear. In some regions, access to ultrasound may vary, so ask your doctor about local options.

    Treatment Options

    Treatment depends on how early the ectopic pregnancy is found. Your doctor will choose the safest option for you. Common treatments include:

  • Medicine (methotrexate) to stop the pregnancy from growing
  • Surgery to remove the ectopic tissue, often by laparoscopy (small cuts)
  • In rare cases, emergency surgery may be needed if there is heavy bleeding

    • After treatment, your doctor will monitor your recovery. You may need follow-up visits and blood tests.

    Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

    While not all ectopic pregnancies can be prevented, you can lower your risk. Consider these tips:

  • Get regular check-ups and treat infections early
  • Avoid smoking
  • Discuss your medical history with your doctor before trying to get pregnant
  • Follow your doctor’s advice if you have had fertility treatments or surgery

    • Staying healthy and informed can make a difference.

    When to See a Doctor

    If you notice early signs of ectopic pregnancy, do not wait. Seek help if you have:

  • Severe belly or pelvic pain
  • Heavy vaginal bleeding
  • Shoulder pain or feeling faint

    • Quick action can save your health and future fertility. In every region, emergency care is important if you have these symptoms.

    If you suspect an ectopic pregnancy or have related symptoms, consult Aditya Hospital for personalized advice.